2500 BC: Canaanites live in the city of Jericho, a tributary of Egypt
1500 BC: a trader named Abraham leads Semitic nomads from Sumer to Canaan and then on to Egypt
1400 BC: Canaanites found Jerusalim
1300 BC: iron age in Palestine
1250 BC: Philistines move to Palestine from the Aegean sea
1250 BC: the Hebrews move from Egypt to Palestine
1230 BC: Hebrew leader Joshua conquers part of Palestine
1125 BC: the Canaanites are definitely defeated by the Hebrews
1025 BC: the Hebrew king Saul defeats the Philistines and unifies Israel with capital in Jerusalem
1000 BC: David succeeds Saul
961 BC: David's son Solomon succeeds David
930 BC: Solomon builds a temple in Jerusalem for the Jews
922 BC: King Solomon dies and the Hebrew kingdom splits in two, Israel to the north and Jerusalem to the south
722 BC: Sargon II of Assyria conquers Israel and forcefully relocates Jews
587 BC: Nebuchadnezzar II conquers Judea and destroys Jerusalem and deports thousands of Jews to Babylonia
550 BC: the Bible is composed
538 BC: Cyrus of Persia sacks Babylon and frees the Jews
515 BC: the Jews rebuild the temple of Jerusalem
332 BC: Palestine is invaded by Alexander the Great
323 BC: Alexander dies and his empire splits, with Palestine being controlled by the Ptolemaics
310 BC: Simon the Just is high priest of the temple
301 BC: Ptolemy I settles Jews in Alexandria
300 BC: Seleucus I founds Antioch and attracts Jews in his new capital granting them equal rights with the Greek citizens
260 BC: the Old Testament is translated from Hebrew into Greek by scholars of Alexandria
198 BC: the Seleucids seize Palestine from the Ptolemaics
198 BC: Onias III becomes high priest of Jerusalem
196 BC: the ascetic Jewish sect of the Essenes lives in a monastery at Qumran
190 BC: the Hasidic party opposes the Hellenization of the Hebrew religion
170 BC: Onias III is assasinated and the Hasidic party loses to the Hellenists, who gain the office of high priest
170 BC: the Jews of Jerusalem rebel against the Seleucid emperor Antiochus IV
168 BC: the Seleucid emperor Antiochus IV outlaws Judaism and mandates the worship of Greek deities
167 BC: Mattathias and his son Judas Maccabean lead a revolt of Judea against the Seleucids and the Maccabeans are granted relative independence
161 BC: Judas dies and is succeeded by his brother Jonathan
152 BC: Jonathan Maccabean is appointed both high priest and ruler of Judea
143 BC: Jonathan is murdered and is succeeded by his brother Simon
135 BC: Simon dies and is succeeded by John Hycarnus I, who conquers Samaria and Idumea, whose inhabitants are forced to convert to Judaism
104 BC: John Hyrcanus dies after greatly expanding the borders of Judea and is succeeded by Alexander Jannaeus
104 BC: the Pharisees and the Sadducee fight for control of the temple and of the state
100 BC: the Dead Sea Scrolls are composed
78 BC: Alexander Jannaeus dies after expanding the Maccabean kingdom to the whole of Palestine
64 BC: the Book of Henoch is completed
63 BC: Roman leader Pompeus captures Jerusalem and occupies Palestine
50 BC: Antipater the Idumaean helps Caesar during the civil war and is therefore granted Roman citizenship and de facto rule of Jerusalem
44 BC: Caesar is assassinated
43 BC: Antipater is murdered
40 BC: Antigonus seizes power in Jerusalem
38 BC: Herod, Antipater's son, marries Mariam Maccabean
37 BC: Antigonus is beheaded and Herod, Antipater's son, is appointed by the Romans as king of Judea
30 BC: the Sanhedrin is recognized as the supreme court of justice for the Jews
29 BC: Herod murders his wife Mariam, after killing her father and brother
20 BC: Herod rebuilds the temple of Jerusalem
12 BC: Octavian becomes emperor of Rome
6 BC: Herod murders his own sons
6 BC: Jesus is born in Betlehem
4 BC: Herod dies and his sons split the reign
6 AD: the kingdom of Judea is annexed to Rome
14 AD: Augustus dies and Tiberius becomes emperor of Rome
26 AD: Pontius Pilatus is appointed prefect of Judea
27 AD: John the Baptist preaches in Judea
29 AD: John the Baptist is beheaded by Herod's son Herod Antipas
30 AD: Jesus is crucified by the Romans, and James becomes the leader of the "Christians"
33 AD: Saul/Paul, a Jew from the city of Tarsus in Asia Minor who used to persecute Christians, converts to Christianity
37 AD: Tiberius dies and Caligula succeeds him
40 AD: the Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria reconciles Judaism with Greek philosophy
41 AD: Caligula is succeeded by Claudius
50 AD: Simon Magus, a Samaritan magician, becomes popular in Rome
40 AD: Paul, a Jew from the city of Tarsus in Asia Minor, declares Christianity a universal religion and spreads the Gospel throughout the Mediterranean region
44 AD: all of Palestine becomes a Roman province
49 AD: Paul preaches Christianity in Greece
49 AD: emperor Claudius expels Christians from Rome
54 AD: Claudius is succeeded by Nero
60 AD: the earliest gospels are composed
62 AD: Paul is executed in Rome
62 AD: James the brother of Jesus is executed by the Sadducees
63 AD: Joseph of Arimathea travels to Glastonbury on the first Christian mission to Britain
64 AD: Peter is crucified in Rome
64 AD: Nero sets fire to Rome and blames the Christians for it
66 AD: Jews, led by the Zealots, start a revolt against Rome in Palestine
66 AD: Thaddeus establishes the Christian church of Armenia
67 AD: Linus is elected first bishop of Rome
67 AD: the Jewish general Josephus deserts to the Romans
68 AD: Nero commits suicide and is succeeded by Vespasianus
68 AD: Roman troops destroy the Essene monastery at Qumran
70 AD: the Roman general Titus defeats the Jews, captures Jerusalem, destroys the temple and expels the Jews from the region
70 AD: the Pharisees expel Christians from their institutions
71 AD: Mark the Evangelist introduces Christianity in Egypt and founds the Coptic church
73 AD: Jews expelled from Jerusalem concentrate in two communities, the western one at Jamnia under the Sanhedrin of rabbi Yohanan, and the "Babylonian" community, a tributary of the Parthians
74 AD: the Zealonts commit mass suicide at Masada, the last stronghold of the Jewish rebels
75 AD: Judea, Galilea and Samaria are renamed "Palaestina" by the Romans
79 AD: Vespasianus is succeeded by Tito
80 AD: the Jewish historian Josephus writes the "Jewish Antiquities"
90 AD: rabbi ben Zaccai fixes the canon of the Hebrew scriptures for the Jews
93 AD: emperor Domitian orders the persecution of Christians
110 AD: Ignatius of Antioch writes to the Smyrnaeans that the Christian church is "katholikos"
117 AD: the earliest known gospel manuscript
132 AD: Jews, led by Bar-Cochba, whom some identify as the Messiah, revolt against Rome
135 AD: the bishop of Rome Telesphorus institutes the birthday of Jesus as a Christian holiday
135 AD: the "Apocalypse of Peter" prescribes that sinners will be punished in Hell
136 AD: emperor Hadrian definitely crushes the Jewish resistance, forbids Jews from ever entering Jerusalem, and changes the name of the city to Aelia Capitolina
136 AD: the bishop of Rome, Hyginus, assumes the title of "pope"
138 AD: Hadrian is succeeded by Antoninus Pius, who repels Hadrian's anti-Jewish laws
140 AD: the Sanhedrin is reorganized at Usha, in Galilee, under Simon II, patriarch of the west
144 AD: Marcion founds a heretic sect that believes the God of the Old Testament and the God of the New Testament are different Gods, and Jesus is not the son of the former
150 AD: the four official gospels assume their final form
1500 BC: a trader named Abraham leads Semitic nomads from Sumer to Canaan and then on to Egypt
1400 BC: Canaanites found Jerusalim
1300 BC: iron age in Palestine
1250 BC: Philistines move to Palestine from the Aegean sea
1250 BC: the Hebrews move from Egypt to Palestine
1230 BC: Hebrew leader Joshua conquers part of Palestine
1125 BC: the Canaanites are definitely defeated by the Hebrews
1025 BC: the Hebrew king Saul defeats the Philistines and unifies Israel with capital in Jerusalem
1000 BC: David succeeds Saul
961 BC: David's son Solomon succeeds David
930 BC: Solomon builds a temple in Jerusalem for the Jews
922 BC: King Solomon dies and the Hebrew kingdom splits in two, Israel to the north and Jerusalem to the south
722 BC: Sargon II of Assyria conquers Israel and forcefully relocates Jews
587 BC: Nebuchadnezzar II conquers Judea and destroys Jerusalem and deports thousands of Jews to Babylonia
550 BC: the Bible is composed
538 BC: Cyrus of Persia sacks Babylon and frees the Jews
515 BC: the Jews rebuild the temple of Jerusalem
332 BC: Palestine is invaded by Alexander the Great
323 BC: Alexander dies and his empire splits, with Palestine being controlled by the Ptolemaics
310 BC: Simon the Just is high priest of the temple
301 BC: Ptolemy I settles Jews in Alexandria
300 BC: Seleucus I founds Antioch and attracts Jews in his new capital granting them equal rights with the Greek citizens
260 BC: the Old Testament is translated from Hebrew into Greek by scholars of Alexandria
198 BC: the Seleucids seize Palestine from the Ptolemaics
198 BC: Onias III becomes high priest of Jerusalem
196 BC: the ascetic Jewish sect of the Essenes lives in a monastery at Qumran
190 BC: the Hasidic party opposes the Hellenization of the Hebrew religion
170 BC: Onias III is assasinated and the Hasidic party loses to the Hellenists, who gain the office of high priest
170 BC: the Jews of Jerusalem rebel against the Seleucid emperor Antiochus IV
168 BC: the Seleucid emperor Antiochus IV outlaws Judaism and mandates the worship of Greek deities
167 BC: Mattathias and his son Judas Maccabean lead a revolt of Judea against the Seleucids and the Maccabeans are granted relative independence
161 BC: Judas dies and is succeeded by his brother Jonathan
152 BC: Jonathan Maccabean is appointed both high priest and ruler of Judea
143 BC: Jonathan is murdered and is succeeded by his brother Simon
135 BC: Simon dies and is succeeded by John Hycarnus I, who conquers Samaria and Idumea, whose inhabitants are forced to convert to Judaism
104 BC: John Hyrcanus dies after greatly expanding the borders of Judea and is succeeded by Alexander Jannaeus
104 BC: the Pharisees and the Sadducee fight for control of the temple and of the state
100 BC: the Dead Sea Scrolls are composed
78 BC: Alexander Jannaeus dies after expanding the Maccabean kingdom to the whole of Palestine
64 BC: the Book of Henoch is completed
63 BC: Roman leader Pompeus captures Jerusalem and occupies Palestine
50 BC: Antipater the Idumaean helps Caesar during the civil war and is therefore granted Roman citizenship and de facto rule of Jerusalem
44 BC: Caesar is assassinated
43 BC: Antipater is murdered
40 BC: Antigonus seizes power in Jerusalem
38 BC: Herod, Antipater's son, marries Mariam Maccabean
37 BC: Antigonus is beheaded and Herod, Antipater's son, is appointed by the Romans as king of Judea
30 BC: the Sanhedrin is recognized as the supreme court of justice for the Jews
29 BC: Herod murders his wife Mariam, after killing her father and brother
20 BC: Herod rebuilds the temple of Jerusalem
12 BC: Octavian becomes emperor of Rome
6 BC: Herod murders his own sons
6 BC: Jesus is born in Betlehem
4 BC: Herod dies and his sons split the reign
6 AD: the kingdom of Judea is annexed to Rome
14 AD: Augustus dies and Tiberius becomes emperor of Rome
26 AD: Pontius Pilatus is appointed prefect of Judea
27 AD: John the Baptist preaches in Judea
29 AD: John the Baptist is beheaded by Herod's son Herod Antipas
30 AD: Jesus is crucified by the Romans, and James becomes the leader of the "Christians"
33 AD: Saul/Paul, a Jew from the city of Tarsus in Asia Minor who used to persecute Christians, converts to Christianity
37 AD: Tiberius dies and Caligula succeeds him
40 AD: the Jewish philosopher Philo of Alexandria reconciles Judaism with Greek philosophy
41 AD: Caligula is succeeded by Claudius
50 AD: Simon Magus, a Samaritan magician, becomes popular in Rome
40 AD: Paul, a Jew from the city of Tarsus in Asia Minor, declares Christianity a universal religion and spreads the Gospel throughout the Mediterranean region
44 AD: all of Palestine becomes a Roman province
49 AD: Paul preaches Christianity in Greece
49 AD: emperor Claudius expels Christians from Rome
54 AD: Claudius is succeeded by Nero
60 AD: the earliest gospels are composed
62 AD: Paul is executed in Rome
62 AD: James the brother of Jesus is executed by the Sadducees
63 AD: Joseph of Arimathea travels to Glastonbury on the first Christian mission to Britain
64 AD: Peter is crucified in Rome
64 AD: Nero sets fire to Rome and blames the Christians for it
66 AD: Jews, led by the Zealots, start a revolt against Rome in Palestine
66 AD: Thaddeus establishes the Christian church of Armenia
67 AD: Linus is elected first bishop of Rome
67 AD: the Jewish general Josephus deserts to the Romans
68 AD: Nero commits suicide and is succeeded by Vespasianus
68 AD: Roman troops destroy the Essene monastery at Qumran
70 AD: the Roman general Titus defeats the Jews, captures Jerusalem, destroys the temple and expels the Jews from the region
70 AD: the Pharisees expel Christians from their institutions
71 AD: Mark the Evangelist introduces Christianity in Egypt and founds the Coptic church
73 AD: Jews expelled from Jerusalem concentrate in two communities, the western one at Jamnia under the Sanhedrin of rabbi Yohanan, and the "Babylonian" community, a tributary of the Parthians
74 AD: the Zealonts commit mass suicide at Masada, the last stronghold of the Jewish rebels
75 AD: Judea, Galilea and Samaria are renamed "Palaestina" by the Romans
79 AD: Vespasianus is succeeded by Tito
80 AD: the Jewish historian Josephus writes the "Jewish Antiquities"
90 AD: rabbi ben Zaccai fixes the canon of the Hebrew scriptures for the Jews
93 AD: emperor Domitian orders the persecution of Christians
110 AD: Ignatius of Antioch writes to the Smyrnaeans that the Christian church is "katholikos"
117 AD: the earliest known gospel manuscript
132 AD: Jews, led by Bar-Cochba, whom some identify as the Messiah, revolt against Rome
135 AD: the bishop of Rome Telesphorus institutes the birthday of Jesus as a Christian holiday
135 AD: the "Apocalypse of Peter" prescribes that sinners will be punished in Hell
136 AD: emperor Hadrian definitely crushes the Jewish resistance, forbids Jews from ever entering Jerusalem, and changes the name of the city to Aelia Capitolina
136 AD: the bishop of Rome, Hyginus, assumes the title of "pope"
138 AD: Hadrian is succeeded by Antoninus Pius, who repels Hadrian's anti-Jewish laws
140 AD: the Sanhedrin is reorganized at Usha, in Galilee, under Simon II, patriarch of the west
144 AD: Marcion founds a heretic sect that believes the God of the Old Testament and the God of the New Testament are different Gods, and Jesus is not the son of the former
150 AD: the four official gospels assume their final form
Timeline Of Muhammad
570 Muhammad's Birth and Infancy
Muhammad was born in the year 570 in the town of Mecca, a mountain town in the high desert plateau of western Arabia. His name derives from the Arabic verb hamada, meaning "to praise, to glorify." He was the first and only son of Abd Allah bin Al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. Abd Allah died before Muhammad's birth and Muhammad was raised by his mother Amina, who in keeping with Meccan tradition entrusted her son at an early age to a wet nurse named Halima from the nomadic tribe of the Sa'd ibn Bakr. He grew up in the hill country, learning their pure Arabic.
575 Muhammad Becomes an Orphan
When Muhammad was five or six his mother took him to Yathrib, an oasis town a few hundred miles north of Mecca, to stay with relatives and visit his father's grave there. On the return journey, Amina took ill and died. She was buried in the village of Abwa on the Mecca-Medina Road. Halima, his nurse, returned to Mecca with the orphaned boy and placed him in the protection of his paternal grandfather, Abdul Al-Muttalib. In this man's care, Muhammad learned the rudiments of statecraft. Mecca was Arabia's most important pilgrimage center and Abdul Al-Muttalib its most respected leader. He controlled important pilgrimage concessions and frequently presided over Mecca's Council of Elders.
578 Muhammad in Mecca in Care of an Uncle
Upon his grandfather's death in 578, Muhammad, aged about eight, passed into the care of a paternal uncle, Abu Talib. Muhammad grew up in the older man's home and remained under Abu Talib's protection for many years. Chroniclers have underscored Muhammad's disrupted childhood. So does the Qur'an: "Did God not find you an orphan and give you shelter and care? And He found you wandering, and gave you guidance. And he found you in need, and made you independent".
580-
594 Muhammad's Teens
When young boy, Muhammad worked as a shepherd to help pay his keep. In his teens he sometimes traveled with Abu Talib, who was a merchant, accompanying caravans to trade centers. On at least one occasion, he is said to have traveled as far north as Syria. Older merchants recognized his character and nicknamed him El–Amin, the one you can trust.
594 Muhammad Acts as Caravan Agent for Wealthy Tradeswoman, Khadija
In his early twenties, Muhammad entered the service of a wealthy Meccan merchant, a widow named Khadija bint Khawalayd. The two were distant cousins. Muhammad carried her goods to the north and returned with a profit.
595-
609 Muhammad's Marriage and Family Life
Impressed by Muhammad's honesty and character, Khadija eventually proposed marriage. They were wed in about 595. He was twenty-five. She was nearly forty.
Muhammad continued to manage Khadija's business affairs, and their next years were pleasant and prosperous. Six children were born to them, two sons who both died in infancy, and four daughters. Mecca prospered too, becoming a well–off trading center in the hands of an elite group of clan leaders who were mostly successful traders.